Thermodynamics

Energy has a direction, and thermodynamics is the unit that proves it. Temperature is not heat it is the average kinetic energy of particles, and that distinction changes how you read every problem. The First Law tells you that energy is conserved across any process; the Second Law tells you that conservation alone does not determine what actually happens. Entropy is the reason heat flows from hot to cold and never spontaneously reverses, and once you accept that, every energy transfer you study in this course has a preferred direction baked in. This unit makes the invisible behavior of particles visible through pressure, volume, temperature, and work.

15–18% of exam